It also begins to identify solutions to the simpler questions identified by the group based on work initiated in 2017. This paper describes key knowledge gaps identified by a multi-disciplinary working group within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Key questions exist in many areas: human medical research in nutrition and psychology, horticulture, plant physiology and microbiology, multi-phase microgravity fluid physics, hardware design and technology development, and system design, operations and mission planning. However, actually implementing these systems in a way that will be cost effective, efficient, and sustainable for future space missions is a complex, multi-disciplinary problem. The complexity of controlled environment agriculture, and plant growth in microgravity have and continue to be the subject of dedicated scientific research. Growing plants to provide food or psychological benefits to crewmembers is a common vision for the future of human spaceflight, often represented in media and in serious concept studies. Key Gaps for Enabling Plant Growth in Future MissionsĪnderson, Molly Motil, Brian Barta, Dan Fritsche, Ralph Massa, Gioia Quincy, Charlie Romeyn, Matthew Wheeler, Ray Hanford, Anthony Copyright © 2018, G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. Based on our results, we suggest that this regulatory response of key symbiosis genes in bacteriocytes allows aphids to feed on a suboptimal host- plant that they specialize on. Our results reveal that when aphids feed on their specialized host- plant they significantly up-regulate and/or hypo-methylate key aphid genes in bacteriocytes related to the amino acid metabolism, including glutamine synthetase in the GOGAT cycle that recycles ammonia into glutamine and the glutamine transporter ApGLNT1 Moreover, regardless of what host- plant aphids feed on we observed significant up-regulation and differential methylation of key genes involved in the amino acid metabolism and the glycine/serine metabolism, a metabolic program observed in proliferating cancer cells potentially to combat oxidative stress. Using RNA-Seq and whole genome bisulfite sequencing, we measured gene expression and DNA methylation profiles for such genes when aphids fed on either their specialized or universal host- plant diets. We hypothesize that key aphid genes that regulate the nutritional symbioses respond to host- plant diet when aphids feed on a specialized (alfalfa) compared to a universal host- plant diet (fava), which vary in amino acid profiles. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, requires its nutritional endosymbiont, Buchnera, for the production of essential amino acids.
Microbes are known to influence insect- plant interactions however, it is unclear if host- plant diet influences the regulation of nutritional insect symbioses. Kim, Dohyup Minhas, Bushra F Li-Byarlay, Hongmei Hansen, Allison K Key Transport and Ammonia Recycling Genes Involved in Aphid Symbiosis Respond to Host- Plant Specialization. Microsoft has released Dynamics 365 which is a comprehensive, cloud-based management solution intended for the same users. Mainstream support for Dynamics GP 2018 ends January 01, 2023.
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